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Western Sahara dossier still pending at UN 40 years later

Former Spanish colony not already decolonized, self-determination referendum never been held · Spanish pro-Sahrawi group delivers letter to UN's Ban Ki-moon, blames organization for not doing enough to protect rights of Sahrawis

Pro-Sahrawi demonstration in Madrid.
Pro-Sahrawi demonstration in Madrid. Author: Western Sahara
The signing of the so called Madrid Tripartite Agreement will be marked on November 14th. The deal transferred the administration of Western Sahara from Spain to Morocco and Mauritania, and further ratified and the end of Spanish colonization over the North African territory in February 1976 at the latest. The document in fact prevented a UN-sanctioned process to realize the right of self-determination of the Sahrawi people from being launched. 40 years later, Sahrawis are still waiting for the UN to meet their expectations. Meanwhile, Morocco -currently the only occupying power in Western Sahara- has so far managed to block the implementation of Sahrawi self-determination.

The Sahrawi question was indeed one that UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon was faced with -albeit unexpectedly- during his visit to former colonial power Spain over the last week. As Ban visited Segovia, that city's Association of Friends of the Sahrawi People gave a letter to the South Koran diplomat which echoed the claims of the Sahrawi movement, according to local media El Norte de Castilla and Radio Segovia.

The letter recalls that the UN had in 1943 declared Western Sahara to be a non self-governing territory and, therefore, it had to be decolonized. However, Spain did not prevent Morocco from  seizing the territory between November 1975 and February 1976, through the occupation of the then-Spanish colony via the Green March.

The text delivered to Ban complains that, faced with those events, the UN turned a blind eye. This  opened the door to a 40-year-long era of Moroccan occupation which, pro-Sahrawi activists argue, has brought persecution, torture, killings and exile to many Sahrawis.

The Spanish pro-Sahrawi group asks the UN to promote initiatives to achieve a just and definitive solution in accordance with the Sahrawi people's right to self-determination through a free, democratic and transparent referendum, as a final step of the decolonization process.

Bofre that day, the letter says the UN should demand from Morocco the immediate release of Sahrawi political prisoners. International observers should be allowed free access to the territory, and the wall separating the Moroccan-controlled areas from the Polisario Front-controlled regions -which are mostly desert areas- should be dismantled.

In order to carry out this mission, the pro-Sahrawi group suggests the UN put in place an operation similar to the UN Transitional Administration for East Timor, which was invested with broad powers to effectively decolonize the Indonesian-occupied former Portuguese colony.

Keywords: Mauritania, Morocco, Spain, UN, Western Sahara